Qastra in the Time of the Mishnah and Talmud

Zeev Yeivin

Horbat Qastra is situated in the southern part of Haifa, on the western spurs of the Carmel mountain range. The extensive excavations conducted at the site during 1993-1997 exposed an area of some 8.5 acres. The predominantly Christian city that was revealed existed from the early Byzantine period to the early Islamic period (fourth-eighth centuries CE).

Five main phases were detected at the site:

I - the Roman period

II - the fourth century CE

III-IV - the phases of growth, from the middle of the fourth century to the of the sixth century

V - the period of the city's decline, from the second half of the sixth century to the middle of the eighth century

VI - the Ottoman period (fifteenth-seventeenth centuries), when the village of Samir was established

          The remains of many structures, including two synagogues, were discovered within the city. A cemetery containing 52 tombs of different types was uncovered in the western part of the city; within the city 14 winepresses and 13 oil presses were discovered, along with many additional industrial installations.

 

The excavations were renewed during the 2000-2001 season by Dr. Gerald Finkielsztejn, who extended the excavations toward the east. His excavations uncovered a residential structure of the Byzantine period and a ritual bath from the Roman period - finds that clearly indicate the existence of a Jewish settlement. A special find is a ceramic bread seal, bearing the inscription in square script: "shevi'it [seventh]," that connects it with shemittah, the seventh or Sabbatical year.


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